nitrogen balance
The difference between nitrogen intake from the diet (mainly from proteins) and the amount of nitrogen lost in body waste (e.g. faeces)
In food safety and nutrition, nitrogen balance is a way to measure whether the body is getting the right amount of protein. Proteins contain nitrogen, so by comparing how much nitrogen a person consumes in food with how much is lost from the body (for example in urine and faeces), scientists can see whether protein intake is adequate.
EFSA uses nitrogen balance data when assessing protein requirements for different population groups. This information helps EFSA set Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for protein, ensuring that people consume enough protein to maintain body functions without excess. These assessments support EU nutrition policies and guidance aimed at protecting public health.