in vitro
Research method which involves testing cells or tissues extracted from living organisms
In vitro refers to laboratory tests performed outside of a living organism, typically in cells, tissues, or biological models. These experiments help scientists study how a substance—such as a chemical, food additive, or novel protein—might affect human health, including toxicity, allergenicity, or metabolism, without using animals.
EFSA uses and promotes in vitro methods to improve food safety assessments while following the 3Rs principle (Replace, Reduce, Refine animal testing). By combining in vitro data with in silico (computer-based) and in vivo data when necessary, EFSA can evaluate risks more efficiently, prioritize substances for further testing, and provide robust scientific advice to EU policymakers. These methods support the assessment of novel foods, additives, pesticides, and other substances, making risk evaluation more ethical and precise.