genotoxicity

Genotoxicity refers to the potential of a substance to damage genetic material (DNA), which can lead to mutations, disruptions in cell function, cancer, or other serious health effects. In the context of food safety, genotoxicity is a key concern because exposure to genotoxic substances—even at low levels—can have long-term consequences for human health.

EFSA evaluates the genotoxic potential of a wide range of substances that may be present in food, including contaminants, food additives, residues of pesticides or veterinary medicines and novel ingredients among others. This evaluation helps EFSA classify substances, identify safe exposure levels, or recommend restrictions and regulatory measures. Substances with genotoxic potential are prohibited or require strict control, while substances with no genotoxic effects can be considered for use under specified conditions. By systematically assessing genotoxicity, EFSA ensures that foods placed on the EU market do not pose unacceptable risks to consumers’ genetic health.